Understanding the Factors that Trigger Landslides

Landslides pose a significant threat to infrastructure… so, what can cause them?

Landslides can be triggered by a variety of factors, and understanding these causes is crucial for effective detection and prevention. Some key contributions to landslide occurrences include:

Rainfall and Water Saturation: Heavy rainfall can saturate soil, making it heavier but weaker. As the soil becomes saturated, i.e., its pores become completely filled with water, the pressure of the water further reduces frictional strength and the soil’s ability to support its self-weight.

Geological and Geotechnical Factors: The type of rock or soil, as well as its composition and structure, play a vital role. Weak or fractured materials are more susceptible to failure.

Human Activities: Construction, excavation, deforestation, and changes in land use can alter the stability of an area, increasing the risk of landslides.

Seismic Activity: Earthquakes can destabilise slopes, triggering landslides. Understanding seismic history is crucial for assessing landslide susceptibility.

Satellite remote sensing, particularly radar data, offers a unique vantage point for monitoring landscapes and identifying potential landslide hazards. Key advantages include:

All-Weather Capability: Radar sensors can penetrate clouds and operate in various weather conditions, ensuring continuous monitoring.

Repeat Observations: Satellites provide frequent revisit times, allowing for regular monitoring and detection of subtle changes to the landscape.

Millimetric Accuracy: Interferometric analysis of satellite radar data enables the identification of terrain movement or deformation which could resemble potential landslide precursors.

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